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HelpTest ID: CRHEP Chronic Hepatitis (Unknown Type), Serum
Necessary Information
Date of collection is required.
Specimen Required
Collection Container/Tube: Serum gel
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 3 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Centrifuge blood collection tube per collection tube manufacturer's instructions (eg, centrifuge and aliquot within 2 hours of collection for BD Vacutainer tubes).
2. Aliquot serum into plastic vial.
Useful For
Diagnosis and evaluation of patients with symptoms of hepatitis with a duration more than 6 months
Distinguishing between chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C
Profile Information
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| HBC | HBc Total Ab, S | Yes | Yes |
| HBAB | HBs Antibody, S | Yes | Yes |
| HBAG | HBs Antigen, S | Yes | Yes |
| HCVDX | HCV Ab w/Reflex to HCV PCR, S | Yes | Yes |
Reflex Tests
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCVQN | HCV RNA Detect/Quant, S | Yes | No |
| HBGNT | HBs Antigen Confirmation, S | No | No |
Testing Algorithm
If hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody is reactive, then HCV RNA detection and quantification by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction will be performed at an additional charge.
If hepatitis B surface antigen is reactive, then confirmation will be performed at an additional charge.
The following algorithms are available:
-Chronic Hepatitis C Treatment and Monitoring Algorithm: Direct Antiviral Antigen (DAA) Combination
-Hepatitis B: Testing Algorithm for Screening, Diagnosis, and Management
Special Instructions
Method Name
Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CIA)
Reporting Name
Chronic Hepatitis ProfileSpecimen Type
Serum SSTSpecimen Minimum Volume
2.75 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum SST | Frozen (preferred) | 28 days | |
| Refrigerated | 5 days |
Clinical Information
Hepatitis B:
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus that is endemic throughout the world. The infection is spread primarily through percutaneous contact with infected blood products (eg, blood transfusion, sharing of needles by drug users). The virus is found in virtually every type of human body fluid and is known to be spread through oral and genital contact. HBV can be transmitted from mother to child during delivery through contact with blood and vaginal secretions; it is not commonly transmitted transplacentally.
After a course of acute illness, HBV persists in approximately 10% of patients. Some of these carriers are asymptomatic while others develop chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatitis C:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus that is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. HCV is transmitted through contaminated blood or blood products or close, personal contact. It is recognized as the cause of most cases of post-transfusion hepatitis. HCV shows a high rate of progression (>50%) to chronic disease. In the United States, HCV infection is quite common, with an estimated 3.5 to 4 million chronic HCV carriers. Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are sequelae of chronic HCV.
The following algorithms are available:
-Chronic Hepatitis C Treatment and Monitoring Algorithm: Direct Antiviral Antigen (DAA) Combination
-Hepatitis B: Testing Algorithm for Screening, Diagnosis, and Management
Reference Values
HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN:
Negative
HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIBODY, QUALITATIVE/QUANTITATIVE
Hepatitis B Surface Antibody
Unvaccinated: Negative
Vaccinated: Positive
Hepatitis B Surface Antibody, Quantitative
Unvaccinated: <5.0 mIU/mL
Vaccinated: ≥12.0 mIU/mL
HEPATITIS B CORE TOTAL ANTIBODIES:
Negative
HEPATITIS C ANTIBODY:
Negative
Interpretation depends on clinical setting. See Viral Hepatitis Serologic Profiles.
Interpretation
Interpretation depends on clinical setting. See Viral Hepatitis Serologic Profiles
Chronic Hepatitis B:
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the first serologic marker appearing in the serum 6 to 16 weeks following hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection. In acute cases, HBsAg usually disappears 1 to 2 months after the onset of symptoms. Persistence of HBsAg for more than 6 months indicates development of either a chronic carrier state or chronic HBV infection.
Hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc Ab) appear shortly after the onset of symptoms of HBV infection and soon after the appearance of HBsAg. The IgM subclass usually falls to undetectable levels within 6 months, and the IgG subclass may remain for many years.
Anti-HBs usually appears with the resolution of hepatitis B virus infection after the disappearance of HBsAg.
If HBsAg and anti-HBc (total antibody) are positive and patient's condition warrants, consider testing for hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg, anti-HBe, HBV-DNA or anti-HDV.
Chronic Hepatitis C:
Anti-HCV is almost always detectable by the late convalescent and chronic stage of infection.
The serologic tests currently available do not differentiate between acute and chronic hepatitis C infections.
Clinical Reference
1. Wietzke P, Schott P, Braun F, Mihm S, Ramadori G: Clearance of HCV RNA in a chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patient during acute hepatitis B virus superinfection. Liver. 1999 Aug;19(4):348-353
2. Villari D, Pernice M, Spinella S, et al: Chronic hepatitis in patients with active hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus combined infections: a histological study. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995 Jun;90(6):955-958
3. Bonino F, Piratvisuth T, Brunetto MR, Liaw YF: Diagnostic markers of chronic hepatitis B infection and disease. Antivir Ther. 2010;15(Suppl 3):35-44
4. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Infectious Diseases Society of America: HCV guidance: Recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C. Accessed October 19, 2022. Available at www.hcvguidelines.org
5. Badur S, Akgun A: Diagnosis of hepatitis B infections and monitoring of treatment. J Clin Virol. 2001 Jun;21(3):229-237
6. LeFebre ML, US Preventive Services Task Force: Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in nonpregnant adolescents and adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Jul 1;161(1):58-66. doi: 10.7326/M14-1018
7. Jackson K, Locarnini S, Gish R: Diagnostics of hepatitis B virus: Standard of care and investigational. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2018 Aug 22;12(1):5-11. doi: 10.1002/cld.729
8. Coffin CS, Zhou K, Terrault NA: New and old biomarkers for diagnosis and management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology. 2019 Jan;156(2):355-368.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.037
9. WHO Guidelines Development Group: World Health Organization Guidelines on hepatitis B and C testing. World Health Organization; 2017. Accessed October 19, 2022. Available at www.who.int/publications/i/item/978924154998110. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Testing and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Updated March 28, 2022. Accessed October 19, 2022. Available at www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/testingchronic.htm
Day(s) Performed
Monday through Saturday
Report Available
Same day/1 to 2 daysTest Classification
This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.CPT Code Information
86704
86706
86803
87340
87341 (if appropriate)
87522 (if appropriate)
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| CRHEP | Chronic Hepatitis Profile | 92889-5 |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| HCVA4 | HCV Ab, S | 40726-2 |
| H_BAG | HBs Antigen, S | 5196-1 |
| HBC | HBc Total Ab, S | 13952-7 |
| HB_AB | HBs Antibody, S | 10900-9 |
| HBSQN | HBs Antibody, Quantitative, S | 5193-8 |
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send 1 of the following:
mml-hepatitis