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HelpTest ID: CMVP Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Antibodies, IgM and IgG, Serum
Reporting Name
Cytomegalovirus Ab, IgM and IgG, SUseful For
Aiding in the diagnosis of acute or past infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Determining prior exposure to CMV
This test should not be used for screening blood or plasma donors.
Clinical Information
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family of viruses and usually causes asymptomatic infection after which it remains latent in patients, primarily within bone marrow derived cells. Primary CMV infection in immunocompetent individuals may manifest as a mononucleosis-type syndrome, similar to primary Epstein-Barr virus infection, with fever, malaise and lymphadenopathy.
CMV is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among bone marrow or solid organ transplant recipients, individuals with AIDS, and other immunosuppressed patients due to virus reactivation or from a newly acquired infection. Infection in these patient populations can affect almost any organ and lead to multiorgan failure. CMV is also responsible for congenital disease among newborns and is one of the TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, other infections including syphilis, rubella, CMV, and herpes simplex virus).
CMV seroprevalence increases with age. In the United States, the prevalence of CMV-specific antibodies increases from approximately 36% in children from 6 to 11 years old to over 91% in adults over 80 years old.
Interpretation
IgM:
A negative cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM result suggests that the patient is not experiencing acute or active infection. However, a negative result does not rule-out primary CMV infection.
It has been reported that CMV-specific IgM antibodies were not detectable in 10% to 30% of cord blood sera from infants demonstrating infection in the first week of life. In addition, up to 23% (3/13) of pregnant women with primary CMV infection did not demonstrate detectable CMV IgM responses within 8 weeks postinfection. In cases of primary infection where the time of seroconversion is not well defined, as high as 28% (10/36) of pregnant women did not demonstrate CMV IgM antibody.
Positive CMV IgM results indicate a recent infection (primary, reactivation, or reinfection). IgM antibody responses in secondary (reactivation) CMV infections have been demonstrated in some CMV mononucleosis patients, a few pregnant women, and kidney and cardiac transplant patients. Levels of antibody may be lower in transplant patients with secondary rather than primary infections.
IgG:
Positive CMV IgG results indicate past or recent CMV infection. These individuals may transmit CMV to susceptible individuals through blood and tissue products.
Individuals with negative CMV IgG results are presumed to not have had prior exposure or infection with CMV and are, therefore, considered susceptible to primary infection.
Equivocal CMV IgM or IgG results may occur during acute infection or may be due to nonspecific binding reactions. Submit an additional specimen for testing if clinically indicated.
Report Available
Same day/1 to 3 daysDay(s) Performed
Monday through Saturday
Clinical Reference
1. Soderberg-Naucler C, Fish NK, Nelson JA: Reactivation of latent human cytomegalovirus by allogeneic stimulation of blood cells from healthy donors. Cell. 1997 Oct 3;91(1):119-126
2. Bruminhent J, Thongprayoon C, Dierkhising RA, Kremers WK, Theel ES, Razonable RR: Risk factors for cytomegalovirus reactivation after liver transplantation: can pre-transplant cytomegalovirus antibody titers predict outcome? Liver Transpl. 2015 Apr;21(4):539-546
3. Dioverti MV, Razonable RR: Cytomegalovirus. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(4)
4. Staras SA, Dollard SC, Radford KW, Flanders WD, Pass RF, Cannon MJ: Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the United States, 1998-1994. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Nov 1;43(9):1143-1151
Method Name
Multiplex Flow Immunoassay (MFI)
Specimen Type
SerumSpecimen Required
Collection Container/Tube:
Preferred: Serum gel
Acceptable: Red top
Submission Container/Tube: Aliquot tube
Specimen Volume: 1 mL
Collection Instructions: Centrifuge and aliquot serum into a plastic vial.
Specimen Minimum Volume
0.8 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Refrigerated (preferred) | 14 days | |
| Frozen | 14 days |
Reference Values
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IgM:
Negative
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IgG:
Negative
Reference values apply to all ages.
Test Classification
This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.CPT Code Information
86644-CMV, IgG
86645-CMV, IgM
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| CMVP | Cytomegalovirus Ab, IgM and IgG, S | 87424-8 |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| CMVG | Cytomegalovirus Ab, IgG, S | 13949-3 |
| CMVM | Cytomegalovirus Ab, IgM, S | 24119-0 |
Profile Information
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| CMVM | Cytomegalovirus Ab, IgM, S | Yes | Yes |
| CMVG | Cytomegalovirus Ab, IgG, S | Yes | Yes |
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send Infectious Disease Serology Test Request (T916) with the specimen.
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